ABSTRACT
RESUMO Nos quintais do nordeste brasileiro são mantidas tradicionalmente diversas espécies vegetais para o tratamento de doenças. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das espécies medicinais em quintais na Comunidade de São João da Várzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 22 informantes e foram aplicadas para a coleta de dados técnicas de observação direta e participante, turnê guiada, lista livre e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Verificou-se a presença de 57 espécies pertencentes a 37 famílias botânicas. As espécies com maior frequência de ocorrência foram goiabeira (Psidium guajavaL.) e coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.), presentes em 59% e 55% dos quintais, respectivamente. Para estas espécies houve maior índice de concordância de uso (CUPc de 61,5% e 92,3%). Foram citadas 67 patologias e o maior número de plantas medicinais foi indicado para o tratamento de gripe, disenteria, inflamações e como cicatrizante de ferimentos. O principal modo de administração foi por via oral, na forma de decocção (58%) e as folhas foram as partes mais usadas (32,6%). Os quintais são sistemas que atuam como uma estratégia de uso mais sustentável dos recursos medicinais por conservarem também as espécies nativas. As espécies medicinais mais frequentes nos quintais são arvores frutífero-alimentícias importantes para a renda familiar. A gripe e desinteria são os principais agravos de saúde tratados com espécies medicinais pela comunidade. Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Citrus X limonia (L.) Osbeck, Punica granatum L., Cocos nucifera L. e Psidium guajava L. são espécies que merecem maiores estudos farmacológicos.
ABSTRACT Traditionally, at homegardens in the northeastern of Brazil, several plant species are employed for the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to research the species of medicinal use in homegardens of São João da Varzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 22 homegardens were studied through the techniques of direct and participant observations , guided tours, free list and semi structured interviews. We verified the presence of 57 botanical species belonging to 37 families. The two species with the highest frequency of occurrence were the guava (Psidium guajava L.) and the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), present in 59% and 55% of the homegardens, respectively. For these species there was more agreement of use (CUPc 61.5% and 92.3%). 67 diseases, including influenza and dysentery were the most common ones mentioned during the interviews. The main mode of administration was orally, in the form of decoction (58%), and the leaves were the most employed component (32.6%). Homegardens are systems that act as a more sustainable use of medicinal resources strategy since they conserve native species. The most common medicinal plants in the homegardens are the fruitful-food trees, important to the family income. The flu and the dysentery are the main health problems treated with medicinal plants by the community. The Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Citrus X limonia (L.) Osbeck, Punica granatum L., Cocos nucifera L. and Psidium guajava L. are species that deserve further pharmacological studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Residence Characteristics/classification , Ethnobotany/instrumentation , Medicine, Traditional/methodsABSTRACT
The pierid Charonias theano (Boisduval), an endangered butterfly species, has been rarely observed in nature, and has not been recorded in the state of São Paulo in the last 50 years despite numerous efforts to locate extant colonies. Based on museum specimens and personal information, C. theano was known from 26 sites in southeastern and southern Brazil. Recently, an apparently viable population was recorded in a new locality, at Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, with several individuals observed during two weeks in April, 2011. The existence of this population at Serra do Japi is an important finding, since this site represents one of the few large forested protected areas where the species could potentially persist not only in the state of São Paulo, but within its entire historical distribution.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Butterflies , Endangered Species , Animal Distribution , BrazilABSTRACT
We provide the first information on the morphology of the immature stages (egg, larva, and pupa), oviposition and larval behavior, and host plant, for the Brazilian crescent butterfly Ortilia liriope (Cramer), based on material from Santarém Municipality, Pará State, Northern Brazil. Females of O. liriope lay eggs in clusters. After hatching, larvae eat the exochorion and remain gregarious in all but the final instar. The host plant recorded in the study site is Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae). Despite the scarcity of data on the immature stages of Neotropical Melitaeini, we can already say that some morphological and behavioral traits observed in the immature stages of O. liriope are also present in all known genera in this tribe.
Subject(s)
Animals , Butterflies/growth & development , Brazil , Larva , Pupa , ZygoteABSTRACT
This paper describes a new genus and a new species of Euptychiina from open grassland habitats (campos de cima da serra) in southern Brazil. The systematic position of this new taxon is discussed based on morphological and molecular data, and it is considered sister to Taydebis Freitas. Since the campos vegetation is considered endangered due to anthropogenic activities, this butterfly species deserves attention and should be included in future conservation plans for this biome.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Butterflies/classification , Brazil , Butterflies/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
We review the various proposals of evolutionary and classification schemes for Satyrinae and particularly Euptychiina butterflies, assessing progress and prospects of research for the group. Among the highlights is the proposal to include Morphini, Brassolini and Amathusiini as part of Satyrinae. Although it is clear that this hypothesis requires further investigation, phylogenetic studies recently conducted recover this clade as part of Satyrinae with high support. The phylogenetic analyses for Euptychiina carried out to date recover the monophyly of the group and have identified a variety of genera as non-monophyletic. Further work is necessary to resolve the position of the subtribe and the evolutionary relationships of several genera.